TSMC, 400억 달러로 아리조나에 2번째 Fab 투자
TSMC는 아리조나에 이미 120억 달러 짜리 반도체 팹(5 나노미터 생산)을 건설 중이다. 이번의 2호 공장(3 나노미터 생산) 투자 발표는 1호 공장을 뛰어넘는 규모다. 단, 이번 발표로 TSMC의 미국 내 생산량이 증가한다고 해도 미국인들이 희망하는 수준으로까지 늘지는 않을 것이다.
미국이 내심 원하는 눈높이는 중공이 대만을 침략해서 TSMC가 중공 손에 함락이 되어도 미국이 원활하게 반도체를 공급 받는 수준이다. 하지만 1, 2호 공장을 풀가동 해도 이는 TSMC 전체 생산량의 15% 수준 밖에 안 됨. 또한 TSMC는 N-1 정책을 가지고 있는데, 이는 어떠한 미국 내 공장도 대만 내 공장보다 1세대 더 늦은 기술을 유지하는 것이다. 즉, 아무리 시간이 흘러봐야 최첨단 반도체는 타이페이 남쪽의 신추에서 먼저 적용되고 만들어지는 것이다.
근데, 이게 대만이 미국을 미워하거나 못 믿어서라기 보단, 비용 문제 때문이다. 최첨단 기술을 바로 미국 공장에 적용할 경우, 비용 폭증으로 경제적 의미가 사라짐. 하지만 미국은 계속 자기한테 더 달라고 할 것이고, 그 줄다리기를 잘 해 나가는 것이 TSMC의 과제다.
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company will more than triple its investment in the US state of Arizona to $40bn, as geopolitical tensions put pressure on the world’s largest contract chipmaker to step up diversification of its production facilities. TSMC is currently putting $12bn into construction of a fabrication plant or “fab” in Arizona that was originally designed to make chips with notionally 5 nanometre circuit widths — an N5 generation that will be behind the most advanced one by the time the fab opens in 2024.
However, at an event on Tuesday marking the installation of the first chip tools at the Phoenix plant, the company will announce plans for a second fab which will manufacture more advanced 3nm, or N3 chips, from 2026, according to White House officials and people close to TSMC.
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MENU Financial Times Sign In Try the new FT Edit app free for 30 days Subscribe SemiconductorsAdd to myFT TSMC triples Arizona chip investment to $40bn President Biden to hail Taiwanese chipmaker’s second plant as boost for US manufacturing TSMC’s production facilities are currently concentrated in Asia, including this chip factory in Nanjing, in China’s eastern Jiangsu province © STR/AFP/Getty Images TSMC triples Arizona chip investment to $40bn on twitter (opens in a new window) TSMC triples Arizona chip investment to $40bn on facebook (opens in a new window)
TSMC triples Arizona chip investment to $40bn on linkedin (opens in a new window) TSMC triples Arizona chip investment to $40bn on whatsapp (opens in a new window) Save Kathrin Hille in Taipei and Demetri Sevastopulo in Washington YESTERDAY 30 Print this page Receive free Semiconductors updates We’ll send you a myFT Daily Digest email rounding up the latest Semiconductors news every morning. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company will more than triple its investment in the US state of Arizona to $40bn, as geopolitical tensions put pressure on the world’s largest contract chipmaker to step up diversification of its production facilities. TSMC is currently putting $12bn into construction of a fabrication plant or “fab” in Arizona that was originally designed to make chips with notionally 5 nanometre circuit widths — an N5 generation that will be behind the most advanced one by the time the fab opens in 2024. However, at an event on Tuesday marking the installation of the first chip tools at the Phoenix plant, the company will announce plans for a second fab which will manufacture more advanced 3nm, or N3 chips, from 2026, according to White House officials and people close to TSMC. TSMC will also say that it intends making N4 chips, a slightly more advanced level, in the fab originally intended for N5. In a speech at the event, US president Joe Biden is expected to trumpet the additional investment as a sign that America can lead in manufacturing again and as an endorsement of his economic plan to boost domestic chip production and secure supply chains.
But industry experts said the larger TSMC presence would still be unable to accommodate cutting-edge products such as new iPhone models when the fabs finally open. They added the investments could provide only minimal supply chain security, giving a stark reminder of the immense risks incurred if China attacked Taiwan —
where TSMC is headquartered and continues the bulk of its expansion. Biden’s Chips and Science Act was passed in the summer, providing $52bn in subsidies for chipmakers based in the US and countering China’s massive investments in its own chip sector. White House National Economic Council director Brian Deese said the US was making a “marked departure from the economic philosophy that has governed for much of the last 40 years” in which the US government cut taxes and regulation and largely “got out of the way”.
“What you’re seeing is now a dedicated industrial strategy laying the foundation to crowd in private investment . . . at historic scale,” he added.